Gaming How-to code snippets
- Move a picture towards a given position.
- On picture click - draw a new picture.
- Check if two pictures have the same orientation.
- Fire Bullets.
- Click on a button to start a game.
- Pictures with hotspots for collision checking.
Move a picture towards a given position
// an example where a rectange moves towards the mouse cursor
cleari()
val pic = Picture.rectangle(50, 50)
draw(pic)
animate {
val mp = mousePosition
// mp now holds the x, y of the current mouse cursor location
val pos = pic.position
val vel = Vector2D(mp.x - pos.x, mp.y - pos.y).normalize * 3
pic.translate(vel)
}
On picture click - draw a new picture
cleari()
val pic = Picture {
setPenColor(cm.black)
setFillColor(cm.green)
repeat(4) {
forward(100)
right(90)
}
}
pic.setPosition(100, 100)
pic.onMouseClick { (x, y) =>
val newPic = Picture {
setPenColor(cm.black)
setPenThickness(4)
right(45)
forward(100)
}
newPic.setPosition(x, y)
// note `newPic` will be drawn over `pic`. So mouse clicks
// within the bounds of `newPic` will not reach `pic`
draw(newPic)
}
draw(pic)
Check if two pictures have the same orientation
cleari()
val pic1 = Picture {
repeat(4) {
forward(100)
right(90)
}
}
val pic2 = Picture {
repeat(4) {
forward(100)
right(90)
}
}
pic2.setPosition(200, 0)
pic2.rotate(-45)
draw(pic1, pic2)
println(pic1.heading)
def headingsSame(pic1: Picture, pic2: Picture) = {
pic2.heading % 360 == pic1.heading % 360
}
animate {
if (isKeyPressed(Kc.VK_LEFT)) {
pic2.rotate(1)
println(pic2.heading)
}
if (isKeyPressed(Kc.VK_RIGHT)) {
pic2.rotate(-1)
println(pic2.heading)
}
if (headingsSame(pic1, pic2)) {
drawCenteredMessage("You Win", green, 30)
stopAnimation()
}
}
activateCanvas()
Fire Bullets
cleari()
drawStage(white)
val cb = canvasBounds
def newBullet = {
fillColor(red) -> Picture.rectangle(2, 5)
}
val bullets = HashSet.empty[Picture]
timer(1000) {
val b = newBullet
bullets.add(b)
draw(b)
b.setPosition(cb.x + 20, cb.y + 5)
b.setHeading(- random(45))
}
animate {
bullets.foreach { b =>
b.translate(0, 5)
}
bullets.foreach { b =>
if (b.collidesWith(stageBorder)) {
bullets.remove(b)
b.erase()
}
}
}
Click on a button to start a game
cleari()
drawStage(black)
val player = Picture.rectangle(100, 60)
player.setPosition(100, 100)
draw(player)
var vel = Vector2D(2, 3)
var active = false
animate {
if (active) {
realAnimate()
}
}
def realAnimate() {
player.translate(vel)
if (player.collidesWith(stageBorder)) {
vel = bouncePicVectorOffStage(player, vel)
}
}
val startButton = Picture {
// there are easier ways to do this
// but let's stick with turtle graphics for now
setFillColor(green)
setPenColor(blue)
repeat(2) {
forward(60)
right(90)
forward(130)
right(90)
}
setPosition(30, 50)
setPenFontSize(30)
setPenColor(black)
write("Start")
}
draw(startButton)
startButton.onMouseClick { (x, y) =>
active = true
startButton.erase()
}
Pictures with hotspots for collision checking
This one is a little tricky due to the need to keep track of the global coordinate system and the hotspot’s local coordinate system while rotating a picture with a hotspot.
cleari()
class PicWithHotspot(pic: Picture, spotX: Double, spotY: Double, spotRadius: Double) {
val hotspot = Picture.circle(spotRadius)
hotspot.setPenColor(cm.blue)
hotspot.setPenThickness(1)
def draw() {
pic.draw(); hotspot.draw()
}
def rotate(a: Double) {
pic.rotate(a)
hotspot.rotateAboutPoint(a, -spotX, -spotY)
}
def setPosition(x: Double, y: Double) {
pic.setPosition(x, y)
hotspot.setPosition(x + spotX, y + spotY)
}
def hotspotCollidesWith(other: PicWithHotspot): Boolean = {
hotspot.collidesWith(other.hotspot)
}
def setFillColor(c: Color) {
pic.setFillColor(c)
}
setPosition(0, 0)
}
val pic1 = Picture {
setFillColor(cm.green)
setPenThickness(0)
repeat(4) {
forward(100)
right(90)
}
}
val hpic1 = new PicWithHotspot(pic1, 2, 98, 2)
hpic1.setPosition(50, 0)
val pic2 = Picture {
setFillColor(cm.brown)
setPenThickness(0)
repeat(4) {
forward(50)
right(90)
}
}
val hpic2 = new PicWithHotspot(pic2, 48, 2, 2)
hpic2.setPosition(-100, 0)
hpic1.draw()
hpic2.draw()
animate {
hpic1.rotate(1)
if (hpic1.hotspotCollidesWith(hpic2)) {
hpic2.setFillColor(red)
stopAnimation()
}
}
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